Eyeworld

EW NEWS & OPINION November 2016 19 virus infection – Brazil, November 2015– May 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:917–9. 10. van der Linden V, et al. Congenital Zika syndrome with arthrogryposis: retrospective series study. BMJ. 2016;354:i3899. 11. Leal MC, et al. Hearing loss in infants with microcephaly and evidence of congenital Zika infection – Brazil, November 2015–May 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:917– 9. 12. Mysorekar IU, et al. Modeling Zika virus infection in pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:481–4. 13. Miranda-Filho Dde B, et al. Initial descrip- tion of the presumed congenital Zika syn- drome. Am J Public Health. 2016;106:598– 600. 14. de Fatima Vasco Aragao M, et al. Clinical features and neuroimaging (CT and MRI) find- ings in presumed Zika virus related congenital infection and microcephaly: retrospective case series study. BMJ. 2016;353:i901. 15. de Paula Freitas B, et al. Ocular findings in infants with microcephaly associated with presumed Zika virus congenital infection in Salvador, Brazil. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134:529–535. 16. Miranda HA 2nd, et al. Expanded spectrum of congenital ocular findings in microcephaly with presumed Zika infection. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:1788–94. 17. Ventura CV, et al. Zika: neurological and ocular findings in infant without microcephaly. Lancet. 2016;387:2502. 18. Russell K, et al. Update: Interim guidance for the evaluation and management of infants with possible congenital Zika virus infection – United States, August 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:870–878. Editors' note: Dr. Ventura is affiliated with the Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, Brazil; the Pernambuco Eye Hospital (HOPE), Recife, Brazil; the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and the Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami. She has no financial interests related to this article. Contact information Ventura: camilaventuramd@gmail.com ophthalmological evaluation at 3 months of age for those babies with the diagnosis of CZS. 18 Although we are starting to understand the pathophysiology of the brain damage in babies affected by ZIKV, there is still no explanation of how ZIKV affects the eye. We can hypothesize that a similar mecha- nism is affecting the neurosensory retina, however, this is one of the many gaps of knowledge that still remain. Time is key for us to fully comprehend this disease. Time will hopefully favor the development of accurate diagnostic testing, effective vaccines and antiviral treatment, and address the many gaps of knowledge; however, time is also our biggest enemy once we know that the virus is not showing any mercy and it's causing dreadful damage worldwide. EW References 1. Ventura CV, et al. Zika virus in Brazil and macular atrophy in a child with microcephaly. Lancet. 2016;387:228. 2. Ventura CV, et al. Ophthalmologic findings in infants with microcephaly and presumable intra-uterus Zika virus infection. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2016;79:1–3. 3. World Health Organization (WHO). Epidemi- ological alert: Neurological syndrome, congen- ital malformations, and Zika virus infection. Implications for public health in the Americas. December 1, 2015. 4. Cugola FR, et al. The Brazilian Zika virus strain causes birth defects in experimental models. Nature. 2016;534:267–71. 5. Li C, et al. Zika virus disrupts neural pro- genitor development and leads to microceph- aly in mice. Cell Stem Cell. 2016;191:120–6. 6. Wu K, et al. Vertical transmission of Zika virus targeting the radial glial cells affects cortex development of offspring mice. Cell Res. 2016;26:645–54. 7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Types of Zika virus tests. www.cdc. gov/zika/laboratories/types-of-tests.html. Accessed September 24, 2016. 8. Ventura CV, et al. Risk factors associated with the ophthalmoscopic findings identified in infants with presumed Zika virus congenital infection. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134:912–8. 9. Leal MC, et al. Hearing loss in infants with microcephaly and evidence of congenital Zika Johnston* LASIK & LASEK Titanium Applanator 3360 Scherer Drive, Suite B. St.Petersburg, Florida 800-637-4346 • Tel: 727-209-2244 • Fax: 727-341-8123 Email: Info@RheinMedical.com • Website: www.RheinMedical.com *Developed In Coordination With Robert M. 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